What is Nanzenji Temple?
Located in the Higashiyama district of Kyoto, Nanzenji Temple is one of Japan’s most famous Zen temples, renowned for its stunning gardens and its massive Sanmon gate. Founded in 1291 during the Kamakura period, Nanzenji serves as a major head temple of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism. This temple is not only known for its beauty but also as a place that offers visitors a deep sense of inner peace. Its expansive grounds are home to majestic halls and historical structures that blend harmoniously, inviting visitors into the serene world of Zen. In this space where nature and architecture come together perfectly, one can experience a moment of detachment from everyday life and connect with Zen teachings.
Nanzenji is also famous for its seasonal landscapes, such as the vibrant colors of autumn leaves and the tranquil winter snowscape. During the autumn season, the temple grounds are adorned with a brilliant display of red and yellow leaves, captivating everyone who visits. The view from its grand Sanmon gate is particularly breathtaking and has become one of the iconic sights of Kyoto, leaving a lasting impression on many travelers. There are many highlights within Nanzenji’s precincts, especially Nanzen-in, which features a garden that dates back to the 14th century and is said to authentically represent the Kamakura era style, especially during the autumn foliage. Another favorite is Tenjuan, which boasts both a pond garden and a rock garden, offering spectacular views, particularly in autumn. Each season brings a unique charm—cherry blossoms in spring, lush greenery in summer, the vivid colors of autumn, and the quiet beauty of winter’s snow—all providing different kinds of inspiration every time you visit.
Guide to Highlights of Nanzenji Temple
Sanmon (Mountain Gate)
The iconic Sanmon gate of Nanzenji Temple is an impressive wooden structure rebuilt by Tōdō Takatora in 1628. This gate, also known as the “Gate of the Three Liberations,” was constructed to honor those who lost their lives in the Siege of Osaka. Referred to as the “Dragon Gate of the World,” Sanmon welcomes visitors with its overwhelming presence. If you climb the stairs, you are rewarded with a spectacular view of the Higashiyama mountains, especially during the autumn foliage season, which is a must-see. The scenery is so impressive that it is said to have inspired the famous line, “What a magnificent view!” by the legendary thief Ishikawa Goemon. The view from the top of the gate is a stunning contrast of vivid autumn leaves against the sky, mesmerizing visitors and making them lose track of time.
Sanmon is awe-inspiring due to its massive size, and within the gate, there are Buddha statues that create a serene and cleansing atmosphere. The intricate carvings on the pillars and beams speak to the high level of craftsmanship during that era, adding significant historical value. Sanmon is not just an entrance but a symbol of Zen spirit, leaving a profound impression on all who visit.
Suirokaku Aqueduct
Within Nanzenji Temple grounds stands the Suirokaku Aqueduct, a brick structure built in 1890 as part of the Lake Biwa Canal project during the Meiji period. This structure, quite different from the traditional temple architecture, is a popular photo spot. The aqueduct, with its retro feel, is unique and features beautifully designed arches that evoke an exotic atmosphere. The contrast between this Western-style structure and the tranquility of the Zen temple makes it a fascinating site, drawing many visitors who come to take pictures. The aqueduct holds both historical significance and engineering value, reflecting the modernization efforts of that era.
Walking under the aqueduct, you are surrounded by a tunnel-like brick structure, evoking the charm of times past. In spring, the area is covered with cherry blossoms; in summer, vibrant greenery abounds; in autumn, red leaves harmonize with the brickwork, making it a popular photogenic spot; and in winter, the snow-covered scenery highlights its beauty even more. The sound of water flowing above the aqueduct blends seamlessly with the surrounding silence, offering a calming effect to those who visit.
Gardens
The Hojo Garden of Nanzenji, a dry landscape (kare-sansui) garden designed by the renowned garden designer Kobori Enshu, embodies the aesthetics of Zen and harmony with nature. Stones and moss are meticulously arranged throughout the garden, and the minimalist design reflects the spirit of Zen. The garden is expansive, with scenes created by stones, moss, and trees that soothe the soul. There is also a pond in the garden, encircled by a walking path, which allows visitors to appreciate its beauty from various angles. The garden presents different landscapes through the seasons: cherry blossoms in spring, lush moss in summer, vibrant autumn leaves reflected in the pond, and the quietness of winter. Each season offers new surprises and delights, making any visit a special experience.
Stone lanterns are placed quietly along the edge of the pond, casting a magical glow at night. As you walk along the paths within the garden, the arrangement of plants and stones around the pond is designed to impart Zen teachings to visitors. In autumn, the reflection of the foliage on the pond is indescribably beautiful. Visitors can take their time wandering through the garden, finding moments of reflection and connection with themselves.
Experiential Highlights at Nanzenji Temple
Zazen Meditation Experience
At Nanzenji Temple, you can experience zazen meditation with an advance reservation. Beginners are provided with easy-to-follow instructions, offering a valuable opportunity to immerse oneself in the tranquility of Zen. Sitting with a clear mind helps release daily stress and allows you to confront your true self. Zazen is not just about sitting still; it’s about regulating your breath, clearing away distractions, and attaining inner peace and mental clarity.
The zazen experience at Nanzenji is particularly profound because it takes place within the stillness of its gardens. The chirping of birds and the rustling of the wind create a pleasant ambiance, evoking a sense of unity with nature. Even beginners can participate comfortably as monks provide careful guidance, ensuring that everyone can enjoy this unique experience, far removed from the pressures of everyday life. After meditation, there is a short dialogue with the monk, where you can learn how to incorporate Zen principles into your daily routine.
Sutra Copying Experience
Sutra copying, or shakyo, is another highly recommended activity. Shakyo is a meditative practice aimed at focusing the mind and calming the spirit, providing a special time for self-reflection amidst the silence. The sense of accomplishment after completing the sutra gives visitors a unique and memorable experience. Shakyo is more than just writing characters—it is an essential process for calming the mind, becoming fully present, and facing one’s inner self.
During the sutra copying experience at Nanzenji, participants write Buddhist scriptures on thin Japanese paper using a traditional brush. It might feel a bit tense at first, but gradually, as you concentrate on each stroke of the brush, you will begin to feel a sense of calm. By carefully copying each character of the scripture, a sense of purity naturally arises, and visitors come to appreciate the quietness of the moment. Shakyo is also an opportunity to look inward and reflect, reminding us of the important things we may have forgotten amidst our busy daily lives.
Tourist Spots and Gourmet Highlights Around Nanzenji Temple
Philosopher's Path
Just a short walk from Nanzenji Temple is the “Philosopher’s Path.” This scenic walkway stretches all the way to Ginkakuji Temple and is especially famous for its beauty during cherry blossom season and autumn foliage. It’s a perfect place to take a leisurely stroll while soaking in the natural beauty and ambiance of Kyoto. The path is named after the philosopher Kitaro Nishida, who used to walk this route while contemplating his thoughts.
Along the Philosopher’s Path, you will find small cafes and souvenir shops where you can stop and enjoy a relaxed stroll. During spring, the cherry blossoms are in full bloom, painting the entire path in shades of pink—a truly breathtaking sight. There are also art galleries and pottery shops along the way, providing the opportunity to enjoy local craftsmanship as you walk. In autumn, the path is adorned with vibrant autumn leaves, allowing you to fully experience the beauty of Kyoto in the fall.
Yudofu (Boiled Tofu)
The area around Nanzenji is also well known for yudofu, or boiled tofu. Renowned specialty restaurants like “Junsei” and “Okutan” offer the delicate flavors that are quintessentially Kyoto. After visiting the temple, enjoying a warm yudofu meal is a delightful experience. Yudofu is a simple dish where tofu is lightly simmered in kombu (kelp) broth, and because of this simplicity, the quality of the ingredients stands out.
Kyoto’s yudofu features the soft texture of tofu harmonizing perfectly with the rich flavor of kombu, providing warmth from within. Especially during the colder winter months, gathering around a pot of yudofu is an indulgence that brings true comfort. The meal is often accompanied by rice, pickles, and tempura—all presenting delicate Kyoto flavors that allow you to savor the culture of the city as part of the dining experience.
Access and Opening Hours
Access
Nanzenji Temple is very conveniently accessible from Kyoto city. From JR Kyoto Station, take the Tozai Subway Line to “Keage Station,” and then it’s about a 10-minute walk to the temple. Alternatively, you can take a bus to the “Nanzenji/Eikando-michi” bus stop, from which it’s a 5-minute walk to the temple. The route from Keage Station is quite charming, allowing you to enjoy a leisurely stroll towards the temple while admiring the Lake Biwa Canal.
Opening Hours
The visiting hours for Nanzenji Temple are from 8:40 AM to 5:00 PM (last admission at 4:30 PM). However, hours may change depending on the season or special events, so it is recommended to check the official website before visiting. Especially during the autumn foliage season, the temple can get quite crowded, so visiting early in the morning allows for a more relaxed experience.
Summary: Recommended Experiences at Nanzenji Temple
Nanzenji Temple is one of Kyoto’s must-see spots, boasting historical buildings, beautiful gardens, and opportunities to experience Zen practices. During the autumn foliage season, in particular, its scenery is breathtaking, like something out of a painting, leaving a deep impression on many visitors. The view from the Sanmon gate, the exotic atmosphere of the Suirokaku Aqueduct, and the tranquil experiences of zazen meditation or sutra copying all create special memories for those who visit. Guests can spend time reconnecting with Zen teachings and refreshing their minds. If you are visiting Kyoto, make sure to include Nanzenji Temple in your itinerary and immerse yourself in its profound beauty.